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sprained or twisted ankle

Lower Leg, Calf Pain and Ankle Pain


Shin Pain

Shin splints, anterior compartment syndrome...more

Ankle Injuries
Sprained ankle, Footballer's ankle, Tarsal tunnel syndrome...more

Achilles Tendon Injuries
Achilles tendonitis, Achilles tendon rupture, achilles bursitis...more

Calf Pain / Back Lower Leg
Calf strain, DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis), Tight calf muscles, Cramp...more

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Ankle Pain

Ankle sprain / sprained ankle
Ankle inversion sprain, treatment and rehabilitation.

Broken ankle / Ankle fracture
All types of ankle fractures

High ankle sprain
Damage to the ligament connecting the Tibia and Fibula at the top of the ankle

Footballers ankle
Pain at the front of the ankle especially when kicking

Tibialis posterior syndrome
Dysfunction of the Tibialis posterior muscle resulting in fallen arches.

Tibialis posterior tendinopathy
Pain and inflammation on the inside of the ankle.

Peroneal tendon dislocation
Pain on the outside of the ankle from dislocation of the peroneal tendons.

Impingement of the ankle
Pain at the back or front of the ankle due to impingement.

Medial (deltoid) ligament sprain
Sprain to the ligament on the inside of the ankle

Pott's fracture / ankle fracture
Fractures to the maleolus in the ankle

Avulsion fracture
Fracture where a ligament or tendon pulls away a piece of bone

Stress Fracture of the Medial Malleolus
Pain on the inside of the ankle that gets worse with running and jumping.

Sinus Tarsi Syndrome
Pain just in front of the lateral malleolus

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
Pain radiating into the foot and heel

Peroneal Tendinopathy
Pain and inflamation on the peroneal tendons on the outside of the ankle

Rupture of the Tendon of Peroneus Brevis
Rupture of a tendon causing pain on the outside of the foot and ankle

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Achilles tendon region

Total rupture of the achilles tendon (achillies strain)
A complete rupture of the achilles tendon.

Partial rupture of the achilles tendon
Often the athlete will not feel a partial achilles tendon rupture at the time.

Achilles tendonitis
Inflammation or degeneration of the achilles tendon / achilles tendinopathy

Achilles bursitis (Retrocalcaneal bursitis)
Pain at the back of the heel caused by an inflamed bursa

Haglund's Syndrome
A combination of retrocalcaneal bursitis and achilles tendinitis occuring at the same time.

Apophysitis calcanei / Sever's disease
Pain at the back of the heel usually occuring in Children

Posterior impingement syndrome
Pain at the back of the ankle caused by impingement on full plantar flexion

CalfPain

Calf strain (pulled muscle)
A sharp pain in the calf muscle caused by a muscle strain.

Tight calf muscles
Tight calf muscles - causing calf pain.

Deep Vein Thrombosis
A potentially deadly condition not to be missed when assessing calf pain

Contusion of the calf muscles
Calf pain caused by a direct blow to the muscle.

Cramp
A sustained involuntary contraction of the calf muscles.

DOMS - Delayed onset muscle soreness
Muscle soreness that comes on a day or so after unaccustomed exercise.

Posterior compartment syndrome
Shin pain caused by excess pressure in the posterior compartment.

Popliteal Artery Entrapment
Symptoms of popliteal artery entrapment are usually calf pain but occaisionally pain in the anterior compartment (front of lower leg) can be felt.

Lateral compartment syndrome
Pain on the outside of the lower leg caused by excess pressure in the lateral calf muscles.

Lower leg - front

Shin splints / Periostitis
A term to describe pain in the front lower shin.

Stress Fracture of the (tibia) lower leg
Stress fracture resulting in pain in the lower leg.

Stress Fracture of the fibula
Pain and local tenderness at a point on the fibula.

Anterior Compartment Syndrome
Pain on the outside front of the shin.

Inflammation of the tendon sheath of the Tibialis Anterior
Pain, swelling and redness over the front of the ankle.

Less common causes of shin pain
Referred pain, nerve entrapments, periosteal contusion and popliteal artery entrpament.

Restless leg syndrome
An uncontrollable desire to move the legs to alleviate uncomfortable feelings such as tingling and itching

Ankle anatomy
Ankle Anatomy Explained
  • Bones of the ankle joint
  • Ligaments of the ankle
  • Talo-fibula ligament
  • more...
Ankle anatomy
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Strapping & Taping

Check out our strapping and taping tutorials for the lower leg.


  • Louisiana Wrap
  • Basketweave taping
  • Simple support taping
  • Achilles tendon taping technique
  • Shin splints taping....more
Strapping and taping video

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Lower leg injury biomechanics

Podiatrist Ian Sadler talks exclusively to sportsinjuryclinic.net about the biomechanical causes of common lower leg injuries:

ian sadler podiatrist knee injuries biomechanics

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Ankle Assessment

How the ankle is assessed and ankle injuries diagnosed.


  • Ankle examination
  • Diagnosing injuries
  • Anterior drawer test
  • Active and passive movements....more
Ankle assessment
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Ankle Strengthening Exercises

  • Isometric (static) exercises
  • Resistance band exercises
  • Body weight exercises

All for strengthening the ankle joint and surrounding muscles....more

ankle plantarflexion with a resistance band strengthening exercise
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Calf and Achilles Assessment

How the calf muscles and achilles tendon are assessed and injuries diagnosed..more

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Sports Injury Forum

Discuss ankle injuries and lower leg pain with other injured athletes and qualified therapists on the knee section of our sports injury forum...more

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Sports Injury Clinics

Find a sports injury clinic to treat your knee pain with our directory of sports injury clinics....more

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